The Grassy Narrows First Nation (GNFN) is descended from Ojibway parties to Treaty 3 (1873) in northwestern Ontario. The Treaty provides that the Indigenous parties have the "right to pursue their avocations of hunting and fishing throughout the tract surrendered ..., saving and excepting such tracts as may, from time to time, be required or taken up for settlement, mining, lumbering or other purposes by Her said Government of the Dominion of Canada, or by any of the subjects thereof duly authorized therefor by the said Government." The GNFN argued that this provision meant that lands could not be taken up by the government of Ontario without the authorization of the Canadian government. The Supreme Court disagreed. In the St. Catherine's Milling and Lumber case (1888, Period 5 above), the Privy Council held that the lands surrendered by Treaty 3 that are within Ontario belong to the Crown in right of the province. The Court in Grassy Narrows said that this meant the province could take up lands without the participation of the Canadian government. Treaty 3 was with the Crown, not just with Canada, so both the province and Canada are bound by and benefit from it. The doctrine of interjurisdictional immunity does not apply to prevent the province from infringing treaty rights, if the infringement can be justified in accordance with the Sparrow case (1990), as decided in Tsilhqot'in Nation v. British Columbia (2014). However, before taking up lands, the province must consult with First Nations whose treaty rights will be negatively affected, as held in Mikisew Cree First Nation v. Canada (Minister of Canadian Heritage) (2005).